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No matter if you are a sysadmin or a software developer, if you work in the Linux terminal, you would face the situation where you need to edit text files in the terminal. When you are restricted to the terminal, you must use one of the command line editors like Vim.
Most of us are accustomed to the GUI editors and this causes a problem because using a command line editor is not the same as using a graphical text editor like Atom.
There are several command lines text editors available and you are free to use any of them. This is why learning the basics of Vim will help you a lot. Now, this is not a comprehensive guide to make you a Vim expert. I hope you did install Vim on Ubuntu or whichever Linux distribution you are using.
If you have worked with Vim previously, maybe you just want to refresh your memories by looking at this Vim cheat sheet :. You can download the above commands as PDF as well. Download it, print it and keep it on your desk for quick reference. Vim has three modes:. Always remember, i stands for insert mode. This indicates that you are in insert mode. But i is not the only way to enter the insert mode.
There are several other commands to enter the insert mode in Vim. The cursor position is important while entering the insert mode. You start in command mode, you go in to insert mode. If you want to move back to the command mode, press Esc escape key. When you have entered your text, I advise hitting Esc key to enter command mode.
This should be sufficient. When you are in Vim, you cannot use your mouse to click at in point in the screen like normal text or code editors. This is why you need to know the movement commands to a certain line or word or position in Vim. This is why h,j,k,l keys were used for the movement.
I use arrow keys for moving around in Vim. It works well even when you are in insert mode in Vim. However, if you want to be a bit more proficient with Vim, you may want to memorize a few Vim shortcuts for easily moving around the screen.
Some of my favorite Vim movement commands are:. Tip: You can display line numbers in Vim by going into the command mode and typing :set number. As you can see, with these additional movement commands, it will be easier for you to move around in a big text file. For example, if you use 5w, it will move 5 words. If you use 6H, it will move to the 6th line from the top of the screen.
I have also seen people quitting the editor without saving in such cases which is sort of ridiculous. Vim allows you to undo and redo your changes.
You can also redo your changes. Once you have saved your changes, you cannot undo it. You can press it several times for multiple undo actions. You can press it several times for multiple redo actions. Apart from undoing your changes, you might also want to delete some text from the file. In Vim, you can always use the Delete key for deleting a character but there are a few key combinations for better handling the deletion in Vim. Note: There are no cut commands in Vim because when you delete something, the deleted text is placed into the buffer.
In other words, delete commands are the cut commands. You might wonder how to copy paste in Vim. There are two kind of copy and paste in Vim. When you are in command mode, you can either use your Linux terminal shortcuts for copying the text or the following key combinations for copying text:. Suppose you used one of the delete commands discussed above.
The deleted text is placed into the buffer. You can paste this text from the buffer using these two paste commands:. Note that if you have deleted an entire line, the contents will be placed before or after the current line with the above-mentioned paste commands.
The paste commands only work with the Vim buffer. What about the text you copied from some other file? In those cases, you can use the standard copy and paste key combinations of your Linux Terminal. In some other terminals, selecting a text copies it and you can paste it using the right click. Whatever may be the way to copy paste in your Linux terminal, you can also use it in Vim.
Just make sure that you are in the insert mode for this type of copy pasting. Finding a particular text is an important function of a text editor. It will do a forward searching for the searched term from your cursor position. Note that the search is case sensitive. If there is more than one match for your search text, you can jump to the next position by pressing n key.
If you want to go back to the previous match, press N. Basically, with n and N you can cycle through all the matches. Vim provides a substitute command :s for searching and replacing text. It relies heavily on regular expressions regex for search and replace.
Otherwise, only the first match is replaced. By default, the search is case sensitive. Actually, you might not feel comfortable with the idea of your entire matching texts getting replaced in the entire document within seconds.
With this confirm flag, Vim will ask you to confirm if you want to perform a replace on each match. You have just learned the basics of Vim commands. To save or exit Vim, you must enter the command mode first by press Esc key. And then you can use the following options:. I can understand that if you are new to Vim, remembering what you just learned could be difficult. This is why I created a list of basic vim commands and their quick explanation. You can download this Vim cheat sheet in PDF format, print it and keep at your desk for a quick reference.
Well, you just learned all the Vim basics you need to survive this dreadfully awesome text editor. With this much knowledge, you can read text, search text and do some basic editing in Vim. This will be enough to save you a panic as soon as the idea of using a terminal text editor like Vim strikes you. You should bookmark this page to refresh what you learned on Vim here. You can also use the vimtutor command. Most Linux distributions have the vimtutor command installed.
If you feel like brushing your Vim knowledge or practicing Vim commands, just run vimtutor in a terminal. If you want to take your Vim skills to next level, I highly recommend the Mastering Vim Quickly resource.
It's worth the investment. I hope this guide helped you to get started with Vim. If you have questions or suggestions, please leave a comment. Please enter at least 3 characters 0 results found. Abhishek Prakash. A comprehensive guide explaining basic vim commands that will be useful to any Linux user be it a sysadmin or a developer. Table of Contents. Linux Handbook Abhishek Prakash. Send login link. Check your inbox and click the link. Sorry, something went wrong.
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